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  • Foreign Exchange Option Pricing : A Practitioner's Guide
    Foreign Exchange Option Pricing : A Practitioner's Guide

    This book covers foreign exchange options from the point of view of the finance practitioner.It contains everything a quant or trader working in a bank or hedge fund would need to know about the mathematics of foreign exchange—not just the theoretical mathematics covered in other books but also comprehensive coverage of implementation, pricing and calibration. With content developed with input from traders and with examples using real-world data, this book introduces many of the more commonly requested products from FX options trading desks, together with the models that capture the risk characteristics necessary to price these products accurately.Crucially, this book describes the numerical methods required for calibration of these models – an area often neglected in the literature, which is nevertheless of paramount importance in practice.Thorough treatment is given in one unified text to the following features: Correct market conventions for FX volatility surface constructionAdjustment for settlement and delayed delivery of optionsPricing of vanillas and barrier options under the volatility smileBarrier bending for limiting barrier discontinuity risk near expiryIndustry strength partial differential equations in one and several spatial variables using finite differences on nonuniform gridsFourier transform methods for pricing European options using characteristic functionsStochastic and local volatility models, and a mixed stochastic/local volatility modelThree-factor long-dated FX modelNumerical calibration techniques for all the models in this workThe augmented state variable approach for pricing strongly path-dependent options using either partial differential equations or Monte Carlo simulation Connecting mathematically rigorous theory with practice, this is the essential guide to foreign exchange options in the context of the real financial marketplace.

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  • Pricing : A Guide to Pricing Decisions
    Pricing : A Guide to Pricing Decisions

    This book on pricing decisions gives practical guidance on how to identify customer value, estimating customers’ willingness to pay for these benefits, and on how psychology affects customers’ perception of prices in a market.This strategic view on pricing gives the reader a competitive advantage.It empowers them with means to plan and perform a pricing strategy based on their value propositions. The target group for this book is managers, entrepreneurs, and business students.The book guides the reader in understanding how economics, strategy, marketing, and psychology are combined when it comes to pricing decisions.Further, the chapters contain step-by-step procedures that help managers and entrepreneurs to succeed with complex pricing decisions in busy workdays.The analysis is based on the basic edition of Microsoft Excel software.In sum, the book helps the reader to strategically plan, execute, and win price competitions.It covers topics such as dynamic pricing, estimation of customers willingness to pay, price competition and wars, customers’ reaction to unfair prices, and price tactics and strategy.The book includes specialized chapters on pricing in e-commerce, and pricing in the sharing economy.

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  • Foreign Exchange : Practical Asset Pricing and Macroeconomic Theory
    Foreign Exchange : Practical Asset Pricing and Macroeconomic Theory

    One of the great challenges that many participants in foreign exchange (FX) markets face is sifting through the often overwhelming amount of information that is available.Media outlets stream updates on international politics, economics, and other factors that move FX prices twenty-four hours a day.It is difficult to work out what is and what is not important.This book helps its reader overcome these challenges by combining the insights gained from a market practitioner who has traded FX at Goldman Sachs, PIMCO, and Barclays Investment Bank, with textbook-level modern financial macroeconomic theory. The book covers macroeconomics relating to exchange rate determination.While you could obtain this information from a disparate set of sources-textbooks, academic literature, industry research notes, conversations with other market practitioners, and theories cited in media reports-this book brings all of these sources together to translate the information into concrete FX views that are firmly rooted in the macroeconomic theory of risk premiums, interest rates, and inflation, among other topics.The book promotes time consistent thought that avoids the daily temptation to jump from that day’s economic narrative to the next.Of particular interest to buy- and sell-side industry practitioners, finance and economics graduate students, academics, and others interested in FX markets, this book teaches its readers how to do this and improve their own trading and understanding of the FX markets.

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  • Microsoft CSP Dynamics 365 Commerce (Education Faculty Pricing) [1J1J]
    Microsoft CSP Dynamics 365 Commerce (Education Faculty Pricing) [1J1J]

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  • How is pricing determined in the market?

    Pricing in the market is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. When demand for a product or service is high and supply is limited, prices tend to increase. Conversely, when supply exceeds demand, prices tend to decrease. Additionally, factors such as production costs, competition, and consumer preferences also play a role in determining pricing in the market. Ultimately, pricing is a dynamic process influenced by various economic forces.

  • What is pricing strategy?

    Pricing strategy refers to the method a company uses to set the prices of its products or services. It involves analyzing market conditions, competition, and customer demand to determine the most effective pricing approach. Pricing strategy can include various tactics such as cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, skimming pricing, or penetration pricing. The goal of a pricing strategy is to maximize profits while remaining competitive in the market.

  • What is the pricing flexibility?

    Pricing flexibility refers to the ability of a company to adjust the prices of its products or services in response to changes in market conditions, competition, or customer demand. This can include the ability to offer discounts, promotions, or adjust pricing strategies to maximize revenue and profitability. Pricing flexibility is important for businesses to remain competitive and responsive to market dynamics, and it allows them to adapt to changing economic conditions and customer preferences.

  • What is Apple's pricing strategy?

    Apple's pricing strategy is based on a premium pricing model, where they set their prices higher than their competitors to reflect the perceived value of their products. They focus on creating high-quality, innovative products and then price them at a premium to convey a sense of exclusivity and luxury. This strategy helps Apple maintain a strong brand image and allows them to generate higher profit margins. Additionally, Apple also uses a skimming pricing strategy, where they initially set high prices for new products and then gradually lower them over time as the product matures in the market.

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  • Microsoft CSP Dynamics 365 Commerce (Education Faculty Pricing) [1M1M]
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  • Is this pricing policy fair?

    The fairness of the pricing policy depends on various factors such as the cost of production, market demand, and the value provided to the customers. If the pricing policy is based on transparent and reasonable factors, and if it allows for a fair return on investment for the company while providing value to the customers, then it can be considered fair. However, if the pricing policy is based on unfair practices such as price gouging or exploiting customer demand, then it would not be considered fair. Ultimately, fairness is subjective and can vary based on individual perspectives and circumstances.

  • How does pricing work in a market with a monopoly on supply?

    In a market with a monopoly on supply, the monopolist has the power to set prices without competition. This means that the monopolist can charge higher prices than in a competitive market. The monopolist will typically set prices at a level that maximizes their profits, which may result in higher prices for consumers. Without competition to drive prices down, consumers may have limited options and may have to accept the monopolist's pricing.

  • How is pricing determined in markets?

    Pricing in markets is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. When the demand for a product or service is high and the supply is limited, the price tends to increase. Conversely, when the supply is high and the demand is low, the price tends to decrease. Additionally, factors such as production costs, competition, and consumer preferences also play a role in determining pricing in markets. Ultimately, pricing is a result of the balance between what consumers are willing to pay and what producers are willing to accept.

  • How can lifestyle affect pricing strategy?

    Lifestyle can affect pricing strategy in several ways. For example, if a target market has a high disposable income and values luxury and premium products, a company may choose to implement a premium pricing strategy to reflect the perceived value of their products. On the other hand, if the target market is more price-sensitive and values practicality, a company may opt for a value-based pricing strategy to appeal to this demographic. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as cultural preferences, spending habits, and purchasing behavior can also influence how a company sets its prices to align with the lifestyle of its target customers.

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